Das Passiv

Funktionen des Passiv

Das Passiv beschreibt das Erleben einer Handlung von einer Person oder Sache und nicht die Person oder Sache, die die Handlung ausführt. Mit anderen Worten wird der wichtigste Gegenstand oder die wichtigste Person Satzsubjekt.

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Beispiele

The passive voice is used frequently. (= we are interested in the passive voice, not in who uses it.)
The house was built in 1654. (= we are interested in the house, not in who built it.)
The road is being repaired. (= we are interested in the road, not in the people who are doing the repairs.)

Manchmal benutzen wir das Passiv, da nicht wissen, oder nicht sagen wollen, wer eine Handlung ausgeführt hat.

Beispiele

I noticed that a window had been left open.
Every year thousands of people are killed on our roads.
All the cookies have been eaten.
My car has been stolen!

Das Passiv wird häufig für formelle Texte verwendet. Im Aktiv kann man sich dahingegen einfacher und klarer ausdrücken.

Passiv	Aktiv
A great deal of meaning is conveyed by a few well-chosen words.	A few well-chosen words convey a great deal of meaning.
Our planet is wrapped in a mass of gases.	A mass of gases wrap around our planet.
Waste materials are disposed of in a variety of ways.	The city disposes of waste materials in a variety of ways.

Wenn wir im Passiv sagen, wer oder was handelt, setzt man die Präposition by. Wenn wir wissen, wer eine Handlung ausgeführt hat und uns dies interessiert wechslt man besser ins Aktiv.

Passiv	Aktiv
"A Hard Day's Night" was written by the Beatles.	The Beatles wrote "A Hard Day's Night".
The movie ET was directed by Spielberg.	Spielberg directed the movie ET.
This house was built by my father.	My father built this house.

Hierzu mehr unter das Passiv und die Aktiv Entsprechungen für alle Verbzeiten.

Das Passiv bilden

Das Passiv wird im Englischen aus zwei Teilen gebildet:
die passende Form von 'to be' + Partizip Perfekt

Bejahend	Verneinend	Frage	Negative Frage
The house was built in 1899.	The house wasn't built in 1899.	Was the house built in 1899?	Wasn't the house built in 1899?
These houses were built in 1899.	These houses weren't built in 1899.	Were these houses built in 1899?	Weren't these houses built in 1899?

To clean, Passiv

Subjekt	+ to be (konjugiert)	+ Partizip Perfekt	+ Satzrest
Präsens
The house	is	cleaned	every day.
Präsens Verlaufsform (Present continuous)
The house	is being	cleaned	at the moment.
Präteritum (Simple past)
The house	was	cleaned	yesterday.
Präteritum Verlaufsform (Past continuous)
The house	was being	cleaned	last week.
Perfekt (Present perfect)
The house	has been	cleaned	since you left.
Plusquamperfekt (Past perfect)
The house	had been	cleaned	before they arrived.
Futur
The house	will be	cleaned	next week.
Futur Verlaufsform
The house	will be being	cleaned	tomorrow.
Konditional Präsens
The house	would be	cleaned	if they had visitors.
Konditional Perfekt
The house	would have been	cleaned	if it had been dirty.
Inifinitiv
The house	must be	cleaned	before we arrive.